Efficiency of fertilizers under winter wheat on typical chernozem of high left-bank Forest-steppe

Abstract

The purpose. To determine efficiency of some kinds of fertilizers under winter wheat in view of after–effect of dung and fertilizers on typical chernozem of high left–bank Forest–steppe. Methods. Field, analytical, statistical with use of basic statistical criteria. Results. According to data of 2005–2007 tall accretions of productivity of grain of winter wheat were gained at importation of nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers. Nitrogen in dose of 60 kg/hectare has increased productivity on 46%, phosphorus in dose of 120 kg/hectare — on 30%. Joint importation of these fertilizers in dose of N60P120 increased productivity of grain on 62%. Importation of potassium fertilizers (K2O) in dose of 90 kg/hectare did not influence productivity of grain of winter wheat, but joint importation of three kinds of fertilizers (N60P120K90) increased productivity on 71%. Efficiency of fertilizers in those doses on the background of after–effect of dung decreased for: Nitrogen — on 21%, phosphorus — 20, nitrogen and phosphorus — 33, full fertilizer — on 35%. After 10 years according to data of 2015–2017 efficiency of fertilizers on natural soil fertility decreased in comparison with 2005–2007. Gain of grain yield made from: nitrogen — 13%, phosphorus — 23, nitrogen and phosphorus — 22, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium — 23%. The least gain of yield from fertilizers on the background of after–effect of dung were from: nitrogen — 11%, phosphorus — 17, nitrogen and phosphorus — 13, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium — 17%. Conclusions. Efficiency is determined of some kinds of fertilizers under winter wheat for the periods of 2005–2007 and 2015–2017, and for 2 soil backgrounds — natural and after–effect of dung. The highest performance of fertilizers was fixed in 2005–2007 on natural background, while on the background of after–effect of dung it noticeably decreased. For the period of 2015–2017 efficiency of fertilizers was diminished in comparison with natural background of 2005–2007 due to accumulation of nutrients in soil as a result of regular importation of fertilizers under rotating crop. On the background of after–effect of dung efficiency of fertilizers was the least due to accumulation in soil of nutrients of dung and fertilizers.