Efficiency of root nitrogen supplementary feeding of winter wheat in conditions of autumn drought of Eastern Forest-steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose. To probe effect of different doses of ammonium nitrate and carbamide on productivity and quality of grain of winter wheat depending on the predecessor, background of feed and weather environment during growing. Methods. General scientific: field experiments, laboratory (physicochemical parameters of quality of grain), calculation-relative and statistical. Results. On typical average humus chernozem of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine root nitrogen supplementary feeding in tillering stage in dose of N40 depending on the background of a feed after bare fallow promoted increase of yield in alternatives with importation of ammonium nitrate on 0,75–0,81 t/hectare, carbamide — on 0,71–0,92, and after pease for grain — accordingly on 0,71–0,72 and 0,69–0,80 t/hectare. At equal doses of supplementary feeding they did not fix essential variance in productivity and quality of grain between forms of nitrogen, and heightening rates of application from N40 up to N60 was economically ineffective. The most tall pay-back of 1 kg of nitrogen with grain was ensured by application of dose N20 after bare fallow on not fertilized background — 29,5–35,5 kg. In good weather environment root supplementary feeding in doses of N40 and N60 promoted deriving grain of 2nd and 3rd classes after bare fallow, and 3rd and 5th — after pease. Conclusions. Joint effect of base fertilizer (N30P30K30 on the background of after-effect of dung) and root nitrogen supplementary feeding in tillering stage with ammonium nitrate or carbamide in dose of N40 is an efficient method of increase of yield and quality of grain of winter wheat. Optimization of importation of both kinds of nitrogen fertilizers by root method after bare fallow and pease equally raised their efficiency and pay-back by grain, especially in conditions of dry autumn.