Features of formation of productivity of columnar apple-tree

Abstract

The purpose. To determine potential of productivity and efficiency of its implementation at different stages of organogenesis of columnarity of apple-tree depending on variety and age of trunk areas. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, generalizations. The study was spent in 2016–2018 in plantings of primary high quality probe of columnar varieties of apple-trees of 7-, 8- and 15-, 16-years old on a stock 54-118. Trees are grown under the scheme 4x1 m. Determination of stages of organogenesis and calculation of quotient of statistical assessment is realized according to procedure Isaeva I.C. Results. The probed columnar varieties on IIIrd, IVth stages of organogenesis differed by efficiency of differentiation of regenerative gemmas among themselves and on years. During Xth, XIth stages of organogenesis there were losses of potential productivity due to decrease of flowers, ovaries and fruits. As a whole the highest level of implementation of potential productivity was observed at varieties President, Valuta and Tantsovshchitsa which trees counting for 1 potentially generative gemma generated 0,41–0,58 fruits, the lowest — at variety Sparta — 0,12. Conclusions. In Forest-steppe in combination with good soil-climatic conditions and high agro techniques plants of columnar varieties form tall potential of productivity. Its successful implementation in 7-, 8-years trees secures yearly crop within the limits of 2–12 kg for 1 tree depending on variety. The greatest participation in formation of economic crop, for example at variety Valuta, take part the oldest 7-, 8-years old trunk areas, at variety Favorit — 2–5-years old.