Features of protection of soils from erosive degradation and pollution in industrial regions

Abstract

The purpose. To find complex solution of a problem of water erosion and pollution of soils, caused by industrial wastes. Methods. Analysis of maps and sharts, monitoring of erosion processes on waste dumps of coal mines, field observation and measurement, probe of water permeability of rock refuse by method of tubes, physical simulation of blowing erosion of rock using laboratory aerodynamic device. Analytical-synthetic methods in view of fund, statistical materials and normative-legal baseline. Results. In natural conditions it is determined that from waste dumps of Public joint-stock company «Lisichanskugol» in Lugansk oblast at absence of protective plant cover as a result of water erosion about 3500 t/hectare of rock during their existence or up to their afforestation are carried out. Potential removal of rock at blowing erosion exceeds 150 t/hectare. It is shown that afforestation improves water permeability of rock in 5 times. That is the reliable factor of termination of water-erosion process and prevention of removal of pollutants in visual environment. It is proved that there is a legal opportunity and ecological expediency of including terraces in circuits of local ecological nets with their subsequent afforestation. Necessity of use in eco-net as ecological alleyways, besides fluvial net, of primary hydrographic network in the form of hollows is justified. The generality of use of terraces in local eco-net and implementation of contour-meliorative architecture of agro-landscapes on separate operations and as the complex factor of protection of soils from erosion and pollution is shown. Conclusions. On an instance of Lugansk oblast it is shown that inclusion of terraces of coal mines and mining factories in local ecological nets with the status of rebuilt terrains will stimulate their afforestation, promoting thorough lowering of removal from them of pollutants. For complex solution of problem of erosive degradation of soils and spread of pollutants in agro-landscapes it is necessary to implement contour-meliorative architecture.