Influence of climate fluctuations on development of plant growing in conditions of Western region

Abstract

The purpose. To determine parameters of climate fluctuations in region for 1945–2018 and their influence on development and efficiency of branch of plant growing. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical and mathematical-statistical (applied according to available techniques). Results. Results of weather observations of Rivne center of hydrometeorology for 1945–2018 were analyzed. It is noted that the threshold of the average annual air temperature (7°C) was exceeded in 1988 –1992. On the average for 1988–2017 it exceeded the norm on 1,2°C, in 2018 — on 1,8°C. The sums of effective temperatures were above 5 and 10°C during 1971–2018 and had grown accordingly on 30,8 and 52,8%. Mid-annual rainfall amount in 2013–2017 matched to norm (569 mm), and in 2018 was less than the norm on 29%. It was established that practically at equal rainfall amount stores of productive moisture under winter wheat in 0–100 cm soil layer in June-July 2013–2018 were twice less than in 1985–1990. It was established that at the similar depth of precipitation, productive moisture reserves at winter wheat cultivation in 0–100 cm soil layer of in June-July 2013–2018 were twice as low as in 1985–1990. Improvement of heat supply of the territory contributed to increase in the share of corn, soybeans and sunflower in the structure of crops from 4% in 2000 to 52,3% in 2018. As a result of implementation of modern technologies and improvement of temperature regimen in 2010–2018, the yield of winter wheat increased from 2,9 to 4,5 t/hectare, grain corn — from 4,9 to 8,2, soybeans — from 1,4 to 2,7, winter rape — from 2,3 to 3,2, and sunflower — from 1,9 to 2,4 t/hectare. Conclusions. Due to the progressive global climate changes, the heat supply of Western Forest-Steppe and Western Polissia improved significantly. That led to domination in the structure of crops sowing area of the region of warm-weather crops (grain corn, soybean and sunflower). And also in combination with the use of modern cultivation technologies, that ensured rapid increase in the yield of all agricultural crops.