Change of water regimen of typical chernozem depending on systems of soil cultivation

Abstract

The purpose. To determine influence of different systems of basic soil cultivation on water regimen of soil and productivity of cultures of crop rotation. Methods. Field, statistical (statistical analysis of results of researches). They spent experiments according to conventional procedures in farming agriculture. Weather conditions during researches on the average were typical for Kyiv area, however, differed on rainfall amount and sum of active temperatures above 10°C in separate months and years. Therefore productivity of crops varied. Results. Water permeability of soil at shallow subsoiling with simultaneous slotting was in 1,4–1,6 times above, than at moldboard soil cultivation. At shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting available water capacities were on 5,6–21 mm above, than at moldboard one. Water accumulation efficiency at subsoiling cultivation was on 2–10 % below, than at subsoiling with simultaneous slotting. In alternative with application of regular subsoiling productivity of Lucerne was on 0,2 t/hectares below, than at moldboard. At application of shallow subsoiling with simultaneous slotting productivity lowered slightly. Use of subsoiling cultivation significantly lowered productivity of winter wheat in comparison with productivity at use of moldboard cultivation. Productivity of summer barley at shallow cultivation with simultaneous slotting was on 5,1% above, than at moldboard cultivation. Conclusions. Application of shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting formed the best conditions for rational use of stores of soil moisture. The highest productivity of winter wheat and summer barley was formed in alternative with shallow subsoiling cultivation and simultaneous slotting. The productivity of Lucerne gained at moldboard cultivation was on 1,5% above, than at subsoiling cultivation and on 5,1% above, than at shallow subsoiling cultivation with simultaneous slotting.