Morphophysiological features of formation of productivity of summer wheat in conditions of climate fluctuation

Abstract

The purpose. To determine morpho-physiological features of formation of productivity of summer wheat at techniques of different intensity in conditions of climate fluctuation. Methods. Field, laboratory researches, mathematical-statistic analysis. Researches went into: monitoring of state of plants in ontogenesis, determination of duration and conditions of transiting of organogenesis, dynamics of density plant stand and extents of its implementation, reduction of productive caulises, amounts of flowers in an ear, values of potential of an ear, formation of potential yield and extents of its implementation actually depending on weather environment and elements of technique of cultivation. Results. In 2011 –2015 they had studied features of formation of separate elements of productivity of summer wheat at techniques of growing of different intensity. Relative analysis was carried out of weather environment on stages of organogenesis and formation of elements of productivity of summer wheat within congenial and unfavorable on weather environment for implementation of potential of productivity. Periods of the greatest reduction of flowers, density of plant stand, size of losses and implementation of potential in concrete weather environment were fixed. Dependence of these indexes on techniques of cultivation and weather environment was specified. Potential yield and extent of its implementation in actual was calculated. Conclusions. The highest productivity of agrophytocenosis of summer wheat — 7,87 t/hectare — was gained in 2015 at high-intensity technique of cultivation which has ensured density of plant stand 550 p./m2 and productivity of an ear 1,5 g. Level of implementation of potential yield at IX stage of organogenesis in actual made 54% at productive plant stand of 54% and 38% of the preserved flowers for the period from V to XII stage of organogenesis. It is fixed that due to application of intensive techniques of cultivation it was possible to fractionally compensate negative influence of weather environment on formation of separate elements of productivity.