Soil fertility under winter wheat in conditions of ecologically safe fertilizers systems

Abstract

The purpose. To study influence of eco­logically safety fertilizer systems (ESFS) on physical-and-chemical and agrochemical properties of grey forest soil under winter wheat and on productivity of the crop. Methods. Field probes, physical and chemical, agrochemical and biochemical. Results. Results of probes proved that ecologically safety fertilizer systems, based on straw of pease, promoted alkalization of soil solution on 0,02–0,18 units concerning control. Most apparently this process was in conditions of importation of humus fertilizer (HF) on the background of straw of pease + N30P45K45. With the same regularities the hydrolytic acidity of soil varied. It was fixed that in conditions of organic-mineral fertilizer systems there were the best conditions for phosphoric regime of soil, and use of HF on the basis of straw + N30P45K45 was efficient for heightening content of alkaline-hydrolyzed and ammonium nitrogen. Application of humus or microbiological, or chelated fertilizer on the basis of straw of pease + N30P45K45 increased potential nitrification ability of soil up to 0,162–0,183 mg + N-NO3/kg of soil against 0,137 mg of N-NO3/kg of soil in control. It is shown that ecologically safety fertilizer systems, such as the agrotechnical factor, enable to improve humus nature of soil. In conditions of indicated fertilizer systems the content of labile organic substance was on 35–42% above, than in control. Use of organic-mineral fertilizer systems on the basis of straw had stable and permanent effect, promoted increase of yield of winter wheat on 23,0–39,3% and augmentation of protein in grain on 1,1–2,7% concerning control. Conclusions. Application of fertilizer systems composed on the basis of straw of pease with mineral and organic fertilizers is effectual measures for martempering soil fertility, essential increase of yield and quality of grain of winter wheat in conditions of grey forest soils of Carpathian region.