Removing elements of nutrition with winter wheat depending on fertilizer and lime in Western Polissia

Abstract

Goal. To determine the content and value of accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and to clarify the influence of the removal of elements on the formation of units of the basic and by-products of winter wheat depending on the fertilizing and liming the sod-podzolic bound-sandy soil. Methods. Field, agrochemical, statistical. Results. Aftereffect of the introduction of limestone materials at the systematic application of mineral fertilizers (N120P60K90) promotes the increase of the yield of winter wheat grain on 0,6-1,35 t/ha compared to mineral nutrition and the formation of the ratio of basic products to the side ones on the level of 1.09-1.16. The highest indicators for the content of products in grain and in straw had the variant with the joint application of 3.8 t/ha of dolomite flour, N120P60K90 with the addition of S40 and 2 times feeding with micro fertilizer Nutrivant Plus Grain (2 kg/ha). The value of elements’ removal varied according to the fertilizer systems: for nitrogen — in the range of 84.9-130.0 kg/ha, for phosphorus — 32.3-52.9 kg/ha, for potassium — 49.5-85.4 kg/ha. The obtained values allowed to clarify data on the flow of elements per 1 ton of grain and the corresponding volume of straw, which, according to the results of research, made 31.9-34.0 kg of nitrogen, 11.2-13.7 kg of phosphorus, and 19.1-22, 2 kg of potassium. Since the by-products did not alienate, the use of the straw made it possible to return into the soil 5.4 kg/t of nitrogen, 3.0 kg/t of phosphorus, and 12.4 kg/t of potassium, which could be used after mineralization for the nutrition of crops in further rotations. Conclusions. The content of basic nutrients in winter wheat harvest to a greater extent varied from fertilizer than the norms of limestone material. This is especially true of nitrogen content in grain and potassium in straw. An increase in the rate of dolomite flour from 3.8 t/ha to 5.7 t/ha did not significantly influence the arrival of elements to plants. The highest yield of winter wheat grain (3.85 t/ha) and straw (4.47 t/ha) was obtained at entering N120P60K90 in a complex with dolomite flour in the dose of 1 Ng (3.8 t/ha) and the addition of S40 and microelements. Improvement of plant nutrition conditions on the sod-podzolic soil by fertilizer and lime significantly influenced the performance of economic and normative removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The removal of nitrogen (37.1-105.9 kg/ha) and phosphorus (12.1-38.1 kg/ha) by the grain and potassium (21.8—58.8 kg/ha) by the straw had the largest share. The maximum removal of the elements was observed in the variant with the highest yield. The obtained experimental data allowed to specify the doses of nutrient elements per unit of the crop. Since the straw returned to the soil, it is of great interest the normative indicators per 1 ton of basic products, which in the experiment made: for nitrogen — 25.4-27.5 kg, for phosphorus — 8.3-9.9 kg, and for potassium — 5.2-6.9 kg.