Agrobiological principles of environmental protection and efficient use of drained organic soils under climate change

Abstract

Goal. To determine the optimal parameters of the combination of reclamation, agricultural, and nature protection solutions to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production in the humid zone on drained soils. To develop measures aimed at reduction of the degradation of organic soils and improvement of their fertility based on the sound environmental protection system of agriculture and energy-saving technologies for growing crops in conditions of global climate change. Methods. Field with a complex of the biometric, agrochemical, and laboratory research, mathematical and statistical. Results. On old arable well-mineralized carbonate drained organic soils, the creation of nature-preserving agro-landscapes with a yield of 9–10 t/ha of feed units of high-quality fodder from perennial grass mixtures; 8.4–8.7 t/ha of corn grain and more than 4 t/ha of winter rye and triticale grain will ensure the introduction of 8-field crop rotations with 5–6 fields of perennial grass mixtures and 2–3 annual crops with the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of P40–45 K120–130 kg of acting substance under annual crops and with the addition of N45 under perennial grasses, which helps reduce the mineralization of organic matter and accumulation of mobile nitrogen compounds under crops of perennial grass mixtures. In addition, nutrients are more intensively leached into groundwater by growing annual crops compared to perennial grasses, which is an important conservation measure when creating crop rotations. Conclusions. Such crop rotations and fertilizers provide a reduction in the accumulation of nitrate compounds in the 0–30 cm soil layer by 2–3 times, which is evidenced by a significant decrease in peat mineralization and its leaching into soil and river waters.