Productivity of winter wheat depending on the introduction of micro-fertilizers in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of micro fertilizers on the formation of elements of the winter wheat harvest structure in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to study the influence of the studied factors on the growth and development of plants and the yield of winter wheat, quantitative-weight — to determine the structure of the crop, laboratory — to determine soil moisture, gluten, and protein content in the grain, mathematical-statistical — analysis and reliability of the results. Results. The study was conducted at experimental sites in soft winter wheat crops during 2018–2020 in Ternopil State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of NAAS. The influence of microfertilizers ROSTOK Zn, 0.5 l/ha, ROSTOK Cu, and ROSTOK Mn in doses of 1 l/t (seed treatment) and 1 l/ha (crop treatment) on productivity indicators and the formation of soft winter wheat yield was shown. The structure of the winter wheat harvest largely depended on the methods and periods of use of the studied preparations. It was proved that the use of seed treatment methods and foliar feeding with preparations contributed to the increase in yield relative to the control (without the use of preparations) of wheat of soft winter variety Shchedrist Odeska at the level of 0.44–1.30 t/ha. It was found that the composition of foliar feeding of winter wheat ROSTOK Zn, 0.5 l/ha + ROSTOK Cu, 1 l/ha + ROSTOK Mn, 1 l/ha in the phases of tillering in the spring, exit into the tube and earing secured the highest yield indicators — 6.03 t/ha. It should be noted that a combination of methods of using ROSTOK Cu + ROSTOK Mn in doses of 1 l/t (seed treatment) and 1 l/ha in the phases of tillering in the spring, exit to the tube and earing resulted in slightly lower yields — 5.17 t/ha, 5.57; 5.61 t/ha. This scheme contributed to an increase in the content of protein and gluten in the grain of winter wheat. Conclusions. The most effective element for growing soft winter wheat Shchedrist Odeska in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe was the use of microfertilizers ROSTOK Zn, 0.5 l/ha + ROSTOK Cu, 1.0 l/ha + ROSTOK Mn, 1.0 l/ha in the phases of tillering in the spring, exit into the tube, and earing.