Influence of intensification factors on the formation of seed productivity of winter rape hybrids of different terms of ripening in Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of intensification factors (soil cultivation methods, row spacing) on the productivity of various winter rape hybrids and the quality of seeds. Methods. Field (study of the influence of soil cultivation and inter-row width in winter rapeseed crops), laboratory (determination of rapeseed plant height, mass of 1000 seeds), calculation (determination of crop yield), chemical (determination of oil content in seeds using an infrared analyzer SupNir-2750). Results. Research in 2020–2023 fixed that plants of winter rape hybrids INV 1030 and INV 1165 in versions using plowing to a depth of 25 cm were higher, respectively, by 7.6–11.1 and 8.6–12.4 cm than for disking to a depth of 18 cm. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of the studied winter rape hybrids — mid-ripening INV 1030 (4.33 t/ha) and mid-late-ripening INV 1165 (4.42 t/ha) — was formed at the use of plowing and sowing seeds with a width of 15 cm. The lowest productivity of rapeseed was obtained at the use of disking, especially with an increase in the width of the rows to 70 cm, which was on average 0.31 t/ha, or 7%, less than in the corresponding version with plowing. The oil content in rapeseed and the weight of 1000 seeds were the largest for growing winter rapeseed with width between rows of 70 cm using plowing. Conclusions. In the Forest-steppe conditions, the cultivation of a mid-ripening hybrid INV 1030 and mid-late-ripening hybrid INV 1165 with a width of 15 cm between rows and the use of plowing by 25 cm was an effective agronomic measure that significantly influenced the productivity of winter rape. It was found that with an increase in the width of the rows to 70 cm, the feeding area of rapeseed plants increased by 1.89 times, but the distance in the row between plants decreased, which affected the growth and development of plants and productivity, caused a shortage of seeds of mid-ripening hybrid INV 1030 at the level of 0.17-0.32 t/ha, and mid-late-ripening hybrid INV 1165 — 0.18–0.33 t/ha.