Biological yield of high oleic sunflower depending on soil and foliar fertilization

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of mineral fertilizers, micronutrients, and biological products on the diameter of the basket, elements of the crop structure, and the biological yield of seeds of high oleic hybrid of sunflower Yaskravyi. Methods. Field (study of the interaction of culture with biological and abiotic factors), visual (observation of the state of cultivated and weed plants in areas treated with preparations), measuring (determining the diameter of the basket, the number and weight of seeds in a basket, the mass of 1000 seeds, the biological yield of the culture), mathematical and statistical (processing experimental data using the Excel computer program). Results. Based on the results of studies conducted in 2021 and 2023 in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Growing named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (Eastern Forest-Steppe), it was established that a significant lack of moisture in 2021 ( 115 mm, or 37.3% of the norm) led to the formation of smaller indicators of the diameter of a basket by 40.5%, the mass of seeds from it — by 51.1, the number of seeds in a basket — by 42.0, the mass of 1000 seeds — by 16.2, the biological yield of seeds — by 18.3% than in the more moisture-rich 2023 (+79 mm, or 25.6% of the norm). Efficiency of mineral fertilizers entered in the norm of N30P30K30 for pre-sowing cultivation in 2023 was significantly higher than in 2021. Spraying of sunflower plants (in phases of 3–5 and 6–8 leaves) with Avanhard® Soniashnyk micro-fertilizer (2.0 l/ha), and Orhanik-Balans® biopreparation (0.5 l/ha), stimulated individual weed plants not controlled by herbicides to increase their biomass in crops, which negatively affected the increase of all studied indicators of cultivated plants. Average research results of 2021 and 2023 showed that the complex application of mineral fertilizer N30P30K30 and biopreparation Orhanik-Balans® contributed to an increase in the diameter of a basket by 11.2%, the mass of seeds in it — by 47.7, the number of seeds in a basket — by 20.6, the mass of 1000 seeds — by 14.7, the biological yield of seeds — by 35.7%. Conclusions. The complex application of mineral fertilizers in the norm of N30P30K30 for pre-sowing cultivation and biopreparation Orhanik-Balans® (0.5 l/ha), in phases of 3–5 and 6–8 leaves, is a promising element in the technology of growing a high-oleic hybrid Yaskravyi.