Selection of genotypes of ginger tolerant to abiotic stressful factors in conditions in vitro

Abstract

The purpose. To develop methodical bases for screening on tolerance to drought and cold of ginger in vitro. Methods. Laboratory, biotechnological, mathematical-statistical. Probed material — 22 biotypes of ginger. Account of state of shoots (factor of sprout-formation, height of shoots, morphological attributes based on 9-mark scale) after action of PEG 6000 (5 and 10%) and cold stress (5–6°C) were compared to shoots of control alternative accordingly in 4; 8, and 4 weeks of cultivation in thermal room. Results. The carried out probes with clonal microreproduction of ginger on the inoculated nutrient substrate (control) have shown that multiplication ratio on the average was 1,7–5,4 pieces/shoot. In 8 weeks of cultivation on substrate with PEG (5 and 10 %) they observed depression in state and growth of shoots. In alternative I the amount of new shoots decreased on 0,3–2,6 pieces/shoot as compared to control. As to general state they fixed the following: 8 biotypes were evaluated at the level of control alternative — 9 points, 13 — 7, and 1 — 5 points. In alternative II 10 biotypes had 5 and 3 points. At 12 biotypes the state of shoots was evaluated as 7 points. In conditions of cooling of shoots in vitro in heat chamber they fixed 2 biotypes which manifested tolerance to cooling and restored growth and formation of shoots in conditions of cultivation in thermal room in 2 weeks. Conclusions. Response of ginger to simulation of drought in vitro at the level of shoots is characterized by biotypical features and depends on density of PEG in nutrient substrate. They selected 5 biotypes with an attribute of tolerance to drought in vitro at density of PEG 6000 10% and exposure for 8 weeks. Shoots of ginger in vitro are sensitive to cooling to 5–6°C. Restoration of growth processes after cooling is observed in 2 biotypes. One biotype of ginger which has the combined attribute of tolerance to cooling and drought at the level of shoots is determined. The rating scale of morphological attributes of state of shoots of ginger in vitro on abiotic stress which simplifies selection of tolerant forms is developed.