Optimization of plant nutrition in the system of factors of efficient soil fertility

Abstract

The purpose. To determine mainstreams of optimization of plant nutrition, their interrelation with problems of soils’ fertility. Methods. System analysis of printed materials and generalization of results of researches. Results. Primary factors of maintenance of optimization of nutrition of agricultural crops are resulted. Data concerning stocks of nutrition elements in arable layer of soils which characterize potential opportunities of these soils in maintenance of plants with nutrients are analyzed. The major factors which influence efficiency of fertilizers are determined. Results of X round of selective agro-chemical certification are presented on security of soils of Ukraine with the main elements of nutrition. Dynamics of balance of nutrients in agriculture of Ukraine is shown. Role and value of optimization of application of mineral fertilizers increases in conditions of scarce balance of elements of nutrition (doze, ratio, ways of entering etc.). Main reasons of infringement of mineral nutrition of plants are systematized. It is noted that today special value gets efficiency of use of mineral fertilizers at simultaneous inclusion in system of fertilizer of local source of raw materials — organic fertilizers (vegetative rests, sapropels, peat, green manure crop etc.). It is noted that modern concept of rational application of fertilizers in a context of steady development of agricultural production should consider economic, social and ecological components. Basic organizational and agrotechnical factors influencing efficiency of use of fertilizers are determined, and system of actions aimed to prevention and termination of degradation processes in soils is offered. Conclusions. At regular scarce balance of nutrition elements in agriculture of Ukraine infringement of ratio of use of elements of nutrition from soil and fertilizers is observed. Increase of crops due to highly effective varieties and introduction of modern intensive technologies threatens preservation of effective soils’ fertility, decreases content of mobile nitrogen and phosphorus because of accelerated mineralization of humus. The mainstream of increase of soils’ fertility is optimization of elements of nutrition by implementation of organizational and agrotechnical measures, including alignment of balance of nutrients in agriculture, more efficient use of local sources of raw materials, adjustment of dozes and ways of application of fertilizers.