Seed productivity of carrots at the use of a nonplanting method of cultivation in the conditions of the South of Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. To establish seed productivity of carrots non-transplantation (seed-to-seed) method at drip irrigation in the southern of Ukraine was the purpose of our research. Methods. The researches were based on complex use of field, calculated- comparative mathematical-statistical, methods and system analysis. Results. It was determined that in the conditions of the south of Ukraine at the conditions of drip irrigation it is possible to obtain a high level of overwintering of mother plants of carrots using the without transplantation method of seed production. It was established that the time of sowing and the density of seed plants have a significant effect on growth, development, seed productivity and seed quality. It was determined that the optimal time for sowing is the first or second decade of August, the seed yield significantly increases by 14,1–18,0% compared to sowing in the third decade of August. It is established that the planting scheme has the greatest influence on the formation of the productivity of seed. The level of seed yield is significantly influenced by the density of plants, which is formed at the end of the autumn vegetation of the mother roots. At a density of 250 thousand plants/ha, the seed productivity of plants was 20,8% higher than at a density of 150 thousand plants/ha. The highest seed yield (596 kg/ha) was recorded for sowing in the first decade of August and the density of seed plants was 250 thousand plants/ha. From data of cross-correlation-regressive analysis dependence is certain and the mathematical model of the productivity of seed is built depending on the technological methods of growing. The correlation dependence was established between seed yield and the density of seed plants: the regression coefficient is R=0,98. The quality of seed substantially did not change from the time of sowing and the density of plants. When sowing in the first decade of August, germination energy and seed germination were by 1,3 and 4,3% higher than when sowing in the third decade of August. The suitability of the seed variety was 97,0%. Conclusions. Using the method of growing table carrot seeds without planting root crops makes it possible to obtain a seed yield at the level of 475-596 kg/ ha, with high sowing qualities. Seeds grown by the non-transplanting method meet the requirements of the state standard of Ukraine, presented to the certified seeds of the first reproduction.