The influence of methods of modifying embryo nutrition during incubation on embryogenesis and postnatal ontogenesis of poultry

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of methods of modifying embryo nutrition during incubation on embryogenesis and postnatal ontogenesis of poultry. Methods. Methods of theoretical generalization and analysis of scientific literature were used to process experimental data. Substances for in ovo feeding (in the egg), methods for their administration, and their effect on the embryonic and postnatal development of poultry were determined using descriptive and axiomatic methods. Recipes of experimental mixtures were compiled using reconstruction and apperception methods. Results. Analysis of scientific publications submitted in open access showed that vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and probiotics are most often used for in ovo administration. Based on the data obtained, four recipes of mixtures were compiled for further research. The method of introducing substances in ovo was selected — into the amnion at the late stages of embryo development (414–420 h of incubation). After the hatching of the young, the results were recorded and pathological dissection of eggs with dead embryos was performed. No embryos with developmental abnormalities were found, which indicated successful mastering of the method of introducing substances in ovo. The hatchability of eggs in the experimental groups was significantly higher than in the control group, especially when using glucose and probiotics. Conclusions. The feasibility of introducing nutrients into the amniotic cavity of the embryo between 414 and 420 h of incubation was substantiated. The method of in ovo feeding was worked out, and the optimal volume of introducing nutrient mixtures into the egg was determined — 1 ml. A positive effect of glucose solution and probiotics on egg hatchability was established — its indicators increased compared to the control by 15.0 and 12.5%, respectively.