Formation of crop productivity in crop rotation depen­ding on the elements of technology

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of different methods of basic soil tillage and irrigation on the formation of seed productivity of legumes in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors; mathematical — to carry out the variance analysis and statistical processing of data to evaluate the accuracy of the results of research. Results. It was established that during the research period (2022–2024) in the conditions of Odessa region leguminous forage grasses such as lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), and clover (Melilotus albus Medik) reacted differently to irrigation and method of basic tillage. With the use of plowing to a depth of 27–30 cm in the conditions of irrigation, the seed yield in the experiment was the highest: 0.46 t / ha for lucerne, 0.89 t/ha for sainfoin, and 0.74 t / ha for clover. For disking to a depth of 15–17 cm with irrigation, the yield of Lucerne seeds was 0.34 t/ha, sainfoin — 0.77, and clover — 0.59 t / ha. In the absence of irrigation in difficult weather conditions, the yield of seeds of the studied crops decreased. The highest yield of seeds of the studied crops without the use of irrigation was plowing to a depth of 27–30 cm: 0.25 t/ha for lucerne, 0.69 for sainfoin, and 0.58 t/ha for clover. For disking in these conditions, the results in the experiment were the lowest — 0.25 t/ha for lucerne, 0.61 for sainfoin, and 0.47 t/ha for clover. For chiseling (15–17 cm), the yield of lucerne was 0.27 t/ha, sainfoin — 0.64, and clover — 0.47 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of irrigation contributed to the increase in the yield of lucerne, sainfoin, and clover by an average of 23.78%. In the experiment with the use of plowing to a depth of 27–30 cm, the average yield of legume fodder grasses increased by 16.39%.