Optimization of elements of the organic technology of growing spelt in the conditions of Polissia

Abstract

Goal. To study the peculiarities of the formation of yield and quality of spelt grain under organic cultivation depending on the variety, fertilization, and growth stimulants in Polissia conditions. Methods. Field (conducting experiments according to the developed experimental scheme); laboratory (agro-chemical characteristics of the soil of experimental sites); measuring-weight (biometric indicators of individual spelt productivity, establishment of parameters of the crop structure); mathematical-statistical (analysis of variance). Results. Spelt wheat does not require special climatic conditions. The mineral fertilizer Physio Natur PKS 47 Bio (13-15-19) significantly increased the grain yield of the Zoria Ukrainy and Attergauer Dinkel varieties. The most effective was the complex use of humic preparations together with mineral fertilization. In spelt wheat varieties, the maximum yield was obtained using Physio Natur PKS 47 Bio mineral fertilizer (13-15-19) and humic preparations Humifield VR-18 (0.4 l/ha), and Humisol-plus 01. Cereals (0.5 l/ha): Zoria Ukrainy — 4.96 tons/ha, Attergauer Dinkel — 5.44 t/ha. In addition, the latter had a higher number of ears in a wheel (20 pcs.), the number of grains in a wheel (23 pcs.), and the mass of grain from 1 ear (1.84 g) than the variety Zoria Ukrainy. On average, over the years of research (2022–2024), plants of the Attergauer Dinkel variety formed a larger mass of 1000 grains (72.6–75.9 g) compared to this indicator in the variety Zoria Ukrainy (67.6–70.0 g). Conclusions. The combination of effective mineral fertilizer Physio Natur PKS 47 Bio (13-15-19) and humic preparations Humifield VR-18 (0.4 l/ha) and Humisol-plus 01. Cereals (0.5 l/ha), was the main factor in increasing the yield and improving the quality of spelt grains. The Attergauer Dinkel variety can be recommended for cultivation as a highly productive spelt variety.