Properties of sunflower seeds and oil of stearin type of domestic selection

Abstract

Goal. To examine the domestic sunflower seeds of the stearic type of the new Kh114V line with a high content of glycerides of stearic acid and the oil obtained from it by the method of single pressing: to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the seeds, the quality of their shearing, and to establish the oxidative stability of the oil. Methods. The results of measuring the linear dimensions of seeds were processed by methods of mathematical statistics with the construction of variation series and distribution curves. The thermal oxide stability of the oil was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Results. It was found that the frequency of occurrence of seeds of the same length and width was, respectively, 35.4 and 29.4%, which contributed to better purification of the seed mass from garbage and oil impurities before it entered production. The thickness distribution curve of Kh114V sunflower seeds was slightly different from the length and width distribution curves, because it had several frequency peaks, and this could complicate the process of selecting sieves for separating garbage impurities. The content of husk in the seeds of this line was 32%, which almost corresponded to its content in traditional seeds, namely 25–30%. The period of induction of oxidation of oil from such seeds at a temperature of +110 °C did not exceed the period of induction of traditional sunflower oil, and was 228 minutes, which was not typical for stearintype seeds. Conclusions. Technologies for shearing sunflower seeds of stearin type and traditional seeds are similar. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of rustling are primarily influenced by the thickness of the air layer of the seed and the strength of its shell. At the same time, the technological parameters of the process, as well as the humidity of the seeds and the speed of rotation of the seed rotor, are secondary factors. The oil obtained from sunflower seeds of the Kh114V line with increased content of glycerides of stearic acid is not more resistant to oxidation than traditional.