Problems of potential weediness of soil in Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose. To determine the level of potential weediness of plowlands in the main soil-climatic zones of the country. Methods. Field and laboratory — sampling of soil on fields of Kyiv, Cherkasy, Vinnytsia, Poltava, Sumy, Kropyvnytskyi, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Rivne and Ternopil oblasts for selection and determination of seeds of weeds. On fields of every soil-climatic zone in the autumn, after harvesting and execution of basic soil cultivation, they took samples from an arable layer (0–30 cm) and from depth (0–10 cm) (from surface soil layers germinates more than 90% of sprouts of weeds). Results. From seeds sampled in soils of Polissia, as a result of sprouting during 20 days 7,7% of different sorts of weeds germinated on the average. Accordingly on the average 1887 plants of weeds are capable to germinate on plowlands on the area of 1 m2 from the depth of 0–10 cm. In Forest-steppe from the washed off seeds of different sorts 8,2% germinate on the average. 4674 pieces of plants of weeds are capable to germinate on square meter of plowlands from the depth of 0–10 cm. 5,9% (or 2242 pieces/m2) of seeds of different sorts of weeds, washed off of soil of Steppe, formed plantlets and sprouts during sprouting for 20 days. Conclusions. Contemporary agrarian production for successful operation and effective use of plowlands demands development and realization of system of complex measures of gradual level recession of potential weed infestation of soil by seeds of weeds and organs of their vegetative reproduction, in view of specificity of each field.