Irrigation farming - the guarantor of food safety of Ukraine in conditions of climate fluctuations

Abstract

The purpose. To systematize achievements of scientists-ameliorators of Ukraine, to analyze problems and prospects of researches. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization. Results. The basic achievements of domestic scientists in branch of irrigation farming and amelioration in sphere of counteraction to adverse natural factors (global climate fluctuations, drought, deficiency of atmospheric rainfall), and also raise of productivity of crops and martempering quality of produce are brought. It is proved that for maintenance of the maximum productivity of irrigation in large equipments of cattle-breeding direction the greatest specific weight in crop rotations (40–45%) should have grain and forage crops. In equipments which specialize on production of grain and industrial crops, during formation of crop rotations it is necessary to give absolute preference (at the level of 50-60%) to cereal crops, including winter wheat — 20–25%; corn — 20–25, and also to industrial crops, mainly soya bean — 20–25%. In equipments of vegetable direction specific weight of vegetable crops and potato should be increased up to 50–60% due to limitation of areas under grain and forage crops. At use of drip irrigation specific weight of vegetables and potato should be increased up to 80%. From the point of view of adaptation of systems of farming agriculture on irrigated lands under conditions of global climate fluctuations researches on optimization of regimes of irrigation, development of disposition of sown area and crop rotations, systems of fertilizers, soil cultivations and protection of plants which are directed on intelligent use of natural-climatic potential of steppe zone will be actual. Conclusions. Development of domestic scientists in branch of irrigation farming have great value for raising productivity and competitiveness of agrarian production of Ukraine and are directed on martempering economic efficiency and decrease of anthropogenic load upon agroecosystems.